Well, I got it working.
I tried things mentioned on this thread. I poked and prodded at the router until I was just about to give up, when suddenly it started to work. I have no clue why it started because after an hour, I was just changing multiple random things because I have no clue what I am doing.
Right now the wireless settings are 11NGHT40, Channel 10, US, WPA-PSK/WPA2-PSK Mixed Mode, auto. But honestly, that could all mean nothing.